Exams Questions and Answers on Principle of Marketing

Lecture 1:

1.      Define promotion in Marketing

Answer:

Promotion can be defined as the act of communicating marketing ideas to customers

2.      What factors guide a marketer in the choice of promotional Mix

Answer:

i.                    Nature of the product

ii.                  Market Characteristics

iii.                Available funds

iv.                Stage of the product’s life

Lecture 2:

1.      What factors determine the effectiveness of a promotion message

Answer:

i.                    Message content

ii.                  Message Structure

iii.                Message Format

iv.                Message Source

2.      Explain the AIDA model

Answer:

the promotion message must fulfill the AIDA Principle. AIDA stands for Attention, Interest Creation, Desire, and Action gearing.

Lecture 3:

1.      Discuss the different types of advertising

Answer:

i.                    Consumer Advertising

ii.                  Industrial Advertising

iii.                Trade Advertising

iv.                Retail Advertising

v.                  Financial Advertising

vi.                Recruitment Advertising 

Lecture 4:

Exam Questions and Answers on Industrial Relations

Lecture 1: How does Government Intervene in Industrial Relations Matter

Answer

Government intervenes in industrial relations matters in the following ways

i.                    By making laws, rules and regulations to guide and control industrial relations actors

ii.                  By educating workers and employers on industrial relations matters

iii.                Government sets up fact finding advisory bodies to resolve trade disputes

iv.                Government intervenes in industrial relations matters through judicial methods e.g Industrial Arbitration Panel and National Industrial Court

v.                  Government controls the excesses of unions and employers

Lecture 2: Why was it difficult to form a central labour Organization in Nigeria

Answer

It is difficult to form a central labour organization in Nigeria because of:

i.                    Leadership struggle and rivalry

ii.                  Ideological difference and affiliation

iii.                Large number of unions

Lecture 3: is Government justified in banning some unions such as ASUU and NLC? Give your reasons

Answer

Reasons to justify banning of unions

i.                    Leadership struggle and rivalry

ii.                  Mismanagement of union funds

iii.                Ideological differences

iv.                To maintain industrial peace and harmony

Reasons against:

i.                    Freedom of association infringed

ii.                  Confiscation of union funds and property

Lecture 4: Discuss the Machinery of Collective Bargaining 

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Exams Questions on Science and Society

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

1.                 The basic unit of chemical substances is                   =       Atom

2.                 List three constituents of atom and their respective charges =

Constituents                       Charge

i.   Proton                            +ve

ii.  Electron                         -ve

iii. Neutron                         nil

3.                 State the constituent elements of the following compounds

i. C₆ H₁₂0₆ (ii) NaC1 (iii)CaC0₃  (iv) H₂S0₄

Answer:

i.                   = Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

ii.                 Sodium and Chlorine

iii.              Calcium, Carbon and Oxygen

iv.              = Hydrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen

4.                 Define a non-renewable material resource and give four example of it .

Answer: A non-renewable material resource is a resource said to be limited in supply i.e. it is exhaustible.  E.g. i. Crude petroleum ii. Coal deposit iii. Iron ore and iv. Gold

5.                 The gradual use up of a non-renewable resource is known as? Answer: Depletion of half life of a resource.

6.                 The three factors that can help to mitigate the scarcity of a non-renewable resource are: a. Technological invention b. Substitution & c. Recycling

7.                 The efficiency of petrol can be described as: Octane number

8.                 The method of converting heavy hydrocarbon molecules to lighter ones is: Cracking

9.                 A common impurity in petrol is: Sulphur

10.            List three gaseous pollutants in air with at least one adverse effect each: i. Carbon Monoxide (CO); it poison the respiratory system by forming Carbon haemoglobin with haemoglobin, hence there is shortage of oxygen in the system ii. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂); This is mainly responsible for rain which attack metals and textile materials  iii. Carbon dioxide ; (CO2); this is a greenhouse gas, hence it leads to global warning i.e increase in the temperature of the earth 

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ON

THE NIGERIAN ACTOR AND PERSONALITY: A CASE STUDY OF SHERIKOKO AND JENIFER’S DIARY

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The society often confuses the personality of the character the actor is playing with his or her true character, thereby evaluating him or she based on what they see on stage or screen. The role of the actor is quite different from his person in real life. What the actor does is to pass a message across to the society, as Njamah (2009) rightly observes:

“It has not really changed much. It has only made me to be artistic, people have this mentality that actresses are promiscuous, but they forget that they are only trying to pass a message across the people”.

Eboh, (2012), said that in the same vein Eucharia Anuobi in defense of her personality and that of her fellow actors and actresses says that the role an actor plays in a movie does not reveal who he or she is in actual life. An angel can play a devil in a film and vice vasa.

The Nigerian society ranks the actor nowhere near people in other profession, forgetting that each profession has its role to play in the service of mankind. Because of the contribution of the actor towards human and national development, there is need to educate the people on the real nature of actors and acting and by so doing correct the misconceptions about actors, their personality and professions. It is hoped that this study which examines the personality of the actors will meet the above need (Konkwo, 2011).

Assignment -Write short note on Whistle blowing policy as an instrument to managing public finance in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION 

Whistleblowing has gained increased international support, particularly in respect of good governance, public accountability and the fight against corruption. It is the disclosure by a person to the public or those in authority of corruption, illegality, mismanagement of funds or other wrong doings.

Whistle blowing usually refers to the process by which individuals raise concerns at work. It originates from when a pit whistle was blown at times of accident in a mine; or it is analogous with a referee ‘blowing the whistle’ because of a foul in a football match, or a police man apprehending a criminal. In the Netherlands, the term used is ‘bell-ringing’; in Russia, it is ‘lighthouse keeping’. It implies letting everyone know there is a problem.

It has been recently defined by the Asian Institute of Management 2006, as, “the reporting of a wrong doing that needs to be corrected or terminated in order to protect public interest”. Legally speaking, there may not be a universally acceptable definition of the term because of the uncertainties surrounding it.

Guy Dehn a renowned public accountability expert (Testimony of Guy Dehn, 2003), defined whistle-blowing as: “a colloquial term usually applied to the raising of concerns by one member of an organization about the conduct or competence of another member of the same organization or about the activities of the organization itself”. In recent years, the connotation of whistle blowing has come to mean taking concerns outside the organisation, usually by informing the media about a dangerous or illegal activity that they are aware of through their work.

The terms ‘whistle-blowing’ or ‘speaking up’ are often used interchangeably, and can refer to the disclosure of a wide range of illegal or unethical conduct to the media or authorities about the happenings in a corporate or government entity (Achua, 2015). 

The recent administration’s efforts to stop corruption in the country has given rise to the otherwise unassuming concept of whistle blowing and it has become a topic of interest amongst the raging populace. In 2016, The Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF) issued a programme called the Whistleblowing Programme (WBP) (Adegite, 2016).

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON MANAGEMENT THEORY II

1.                  What is Leadership?

Answer: Leadership is the social influencing process for the attainment of goals.  A good leader therefore is one who is capable of persuading others to move enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.

2.                  Explain the three main approaches for study of leadership.  Which one of them do you consider the best for an organization

Answer:   

(i)                 The Trait Approach

The conclusion drawn by scholars after a review of all the traits is that there is no evidence that universal  leadership traits exist. The earliest work on leadership attempted to isolate the trails of successful leaders.  It was assumed that if a set of traits could be identified, people could develop these traits.  Some of the traits considered important include: Intelligence, appearance, knowledge, judgement, initiative, honesty, truthfulness, open mindedness, courage, perseverance, social skill, age, socio-economic back ground etc..

(ii)               Behaviour approach

This approach believe that a leader’s behaviour and the style in which he relates to other people affect his effectiveness.  Research identifies two major areas in leadership behaviour.  The first one explores position based influence of leaders or the use of authority.  The second concentrates on concern for people productivity.  The way a leader uses these two variable (initiating structure and consideration) affects his effectiveness.  

(iii)             Situational approach:

This approach means that the situation in which a leader operates shapes his leadership.  The performance of leaders is to be associated with the situation in which they find themselves. 

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

 How is Criterion important in Industrial Psychology?

Answer:

Definition: Criterion is defined as ‘a measurement of the goodness of a work’.  That is, criterion is an evaluative standard, which can be used to measure a person’s performance, attitudes, motives, etc.  Criterion is also defined as ‘that which is to be predicted’ (Guion, 1965).

Industrial Psychology can be effective as a science only and only if it has a criterion.  That is, the magnitude of the contribution of industrial psychology is completely determined by the adequacy of the criterion measures involved.  Despite the fact that much work on the problem of criterion has been done in the measurement of human performance and job effectiveness, the problems and needs still exist in developing criteria in areas such as advertising, effectiveness, consumer behaviour, leadership, job satisfaction etc.

Discuss any three requirements that are fundamental to Criterion.

Answer:

1.                  Time:  That is, when can one obtain his criterion data? At what moment in time is our criterion data not ripe? 

2.                  Type:  that is, which measure(s) should we select out of all the available performance measures? How reliable are our conclusions likely to be, as a result of the criterion so selected.

3.                  Level: Given that ‘time’ and ‘type’ have been considered, what performance level is likely7 going to be accepted? What quantity of units can a worker produce before he is judged a good worker?

List any five characteristics of Criteria.

Answer:

1. Reliable
2. Realistic
3. Representative
4. Related to other criteria
5. Acceptable to job analyst
6. Predictable
7. measurable
8. Relevant

Identify any five methods of Job Analysis and assess their relevance for application in Nigeria industries. 

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

1.                  Business letter is an old method of sending message to those outside the organization.  Does it still have a place in the conduct of Business today?

Answer:

The relevance of Business letter to an organization today’s business world still be overemphasized.  In spite of the ever-growing use of telephone and other electronic media for business communication, the letter continues to play an important role in the conduct of business.  For example, letters provide the most personal, contact an organization has with its public, as well as other business organization or governmental agencies. 

Business letters are classified into the following:

(1)   Information letters

(2)   Problem letters

(3)   Goodwill letters

(4)   Sales letters

2.                  Design an effective communication strategy for the promotion of any industrial product of your choice.

Answer:

This involves the announcement of goods and services offered by a company.  It is intended to project the image of goods, services or people in an organization.

a.       Designing the promotion Plan.

b.      Message Content:

c.       Message Format:

d.      Message Source:

 

Examination Questions and Answers on African Politics

1. 
   
2. Discuss fully the impact of colonialism on Africa

Answer:

Colonialism is the direct and overall domination of one country by another on the basis of state power being in the hands of a foreign power.  For example, the direct and overall domination of Nigeria by Britain between 1900-160.

Impact of Colonialism in Africa

The Major impact of colonialism in African is that it brought about the under-development of African territories in many different ways.  The colonial education was not rooted in African culture and therefore could not foster any meaningful development within the African environment because it had no organic linkage.   Colonial education essentially aimed at training clerks, interpreters, produce inspectors, artisans etc. which would help them in the exploitation of the Africa’s rich resources.  It did not aim at industrialisation of African territories nor at stimulating technological development within the African environment.

Another impact of colonialism in African is the disarticulation of their economy.  Colonialism distorted African pattern of economic development in many different ways. 

2. Identify and discuss the factors that influenced the decolonization processes in Africa

Answer:

Factors which influence Decolonization:

The advent of colonialism which most Africans regarded as chief cause of oppression and backwardness of their continent did develop its own contradictions that formed the seed of its own destruction.

There are several factors remote and immediate which gathered a head and set aflame the momentum that precipitated the emergence of decolonization and these include the following:

-                      The decline of European imperialism

The decline of European imperialism can partly be attributed to perhaps an advance in moral conscience which condemned domination and exploitation and also to the ego of the colonized coming out of imperialism with new found strength with their ability to persuade the world of the rightness of their cause. 

Another very important fact is that imperialism has been drawing to a close precisely because it has been fulfilling the historic function of spreading abroad the dynamism inherent in the great western revolution of modern times.

The Africans, - the colonized, who were driven into the modern world by the so-called alien matters had learnt enough of a lesson to insist that, henceforth, they would themselves take control of their further advances into modernity.

BUDGET DEFICIT AND CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE IN NIGERIA (1986- 2010)

CHAPTER ONE

                                                           INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Budgeting generally can be said to be a control device in an organisation designed to ensure that activities pursued within the budget period are such  that  contribute  to  the  achievement.

For government, its objectives are the provision of services and improvement of the living standard of the people.

Budget deficit is one of the most discussed economic issues in Nigeria. Baiter (1985) states that deficit are bad, always and everywhere, regardless of the country circumstance. There is a common believe among economist, that budget deficit priori harmful for the total function of economy.

The budget deficit arises when a government outlays exceed revenue for that fiscal year. In an attempt to reduce large budget deficit, government usually recourse to deficit financing namely;

i)   internal and external borrowing

ii)      raising the level of taxation iii)increasing money supply

iv)Draw down from government saving or what is called foreign reserve A deficit is financed from government borrowing which may result to accumulated debt burden or a debt overhang situation. Inflation may result from increased money used to finance the deficit.

 There would be a decrease in disposable income of the consumers if the deficit is financed by raising the level of taxation,it could affect economic behaviour by changing the financial rewards to various activities. Budget deficit is a fiscal instrument used by government to affect increase in aggregate demand during depression. Budget deficit has its theoretical background from the proposition made by Keynes in the 1930s during the event of the great depression; Keynes’sad vocate increased government spending as a panacea to the world economy.