Exams Questions on Science and Society

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

1.                 The basic unit of chemical substances is                   =       Atom

2.                 List three constituents of atom and their respective charges =

Constituents                       Charge

i.   Proton                            +ve

ii.  Electron                         -ve

iii. Neutron                         nil

3.                 State the constituent elements of the following compounds

i. C₆ H₁₂0₆ (ii) NaC1 (iii)CaC0₃  (iv) H₂S0₄

Answer:

i.                   = Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

ii.                 Sodium and Chlorine

iii.              Calcium, Carbon and Oxygen

iv.              = Hydrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen

4.                 Define a non-renewable material resource and give four example of it .

Answer: A non-renewable material resource is a resource said to be limited in supply i.e. it is exhaustible.  E.g. i. Crude petroleum ii. Coal deposit iii. Iron ore and iv. Gold

5.                 The gradual use up of a non-renewable resource is known as? Answer: Depletion of half life of a resource.

6.                 The three factors that can help to mitigate the scarcity of a non-renewable resource are: a. Technological invention b. Substitution & c. Recycling

7.                 The efficiency of petrol can be described as: Octane number

8.                 The method of converting heavy hydrocarbon molecules to lighter ones is: Cracking

9.                 A common impurity in petrol is: Sulphur

10.            List three gaseous pollutants in air with at least one adverse effect each: i. Carbon Monoxide (CO); it poison the respiratory system by forming Carbon haemoglobin with haemoglobin, hence there is shortage of oxygen in the system ii. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂); This is mainly responsible for rain which attack metals and textile materials  iii. Carbon dioxide ; (CO2); this is a greenhouse gas, hence it leads to global warning i.e increase in the temperature of the earth 

11.            Acid rain is caused by Sulphur Trioxide combining with rain Water =SO₃ + H₂O – H₂SO₄

  12.            Metabolic toxin that specifically attack the nerve cell are: Neurotoxins

13.            Give one example of: (i) Teratogens (ii) Carcinogens (iii) Asphyxiants (iv) Allergens; i. Thalidomide ii. Asbestos iii. Carbon Monoxide iv; formaldehyde

14.            Give three uses of radioactive isotopes i. It is used as tracers in chemical and biological reactions ii. It is used in geological studies for dating purposes iii. It is used for the eradication of cancerous growths.

15.            List any three risk of hazardous wastes i. Habitat destruction ii. Soil contamination iii. Ground water contamination

16.            The three species in the genus Homo are i. Homo habilis (handy man) ii. Homo erectus (upright man) iii. Homo Sapiens

17.            Australopithecus and Ramapithecus are the  Forerunners of man

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