1.
What is Leadership?
Answer: Leadership is the
social influencing process for the attainment of goals. A good leader therefore is one who is capable
of persuading others to move enthusiastically towards the achievement of group
goals.
2.
Explain the three main
approaches for study of leadership.
Which one of them do you consider the best for an organization
Answer:
(i)
The Trait Approach
The conclusion
drawn by scholars after a review of all the traits is that there is no evidence
that universal leadership traits exist. The
earliest work on leadership attempted to isolate the trails of successful
leaders. It was assumed that if a set of
traits could be identified, people could develop these traits. Some of the traits considered important
include: Intelligence, appearance, knowledge, judgement, initiative, honesty,
truthfulness, open mindedness, courage, perseverance, social skill, age,
socio-economic back ground etc..
(ii)
Behaviour approach
This approach
believe that a leader’s behaviour and the style in which he relates to other
people affect his effectiveness.
Research identifies two major areas in leadership behaviour. The first one explores position based
influence of leaders or the use of authority.
The second concentrates on concern for people productivity. The way a leader uses these two variable
(initiating structure and consideration) affects his effectiveness.
(iii)
Situational approach:
This approach
means that the situation in which a leader operates shapes his leadership. The performance of leaders is to be
associated with the situation in which they find themselves.
3.
What Makes control important in
an organisation? Explain the basic
differences and relationship between planning and control.
Answer:
Control guides behaviour
towards useful organizational ends. Lack
of control results in erratic behaviour that may be only target to
organizational goals. Control ensures that resources are effectively utilised. It helps to avoid waste of useful resources
in useless endeavour or inefficient operations.
Basic differences between Planning and control
i.
Planning seeks consistent,
integrated and articulated programmes, while control seeks to compel events to
conform to plans.
ii.
Planning precedes the
performance of a task, while control comes after the task has been performed.
Relationship between Planning and Control
i. objectives of the organizations are established
and broken down into budgets in the planning process but the control process
ensure that the budgets are achieved by taking corrective action against any
significant deviation from plan.
4.
Discuss the concept of
communication and explain the process of effective communication
Answer:
Communication is
the transfer of ideas form the sender to the receiver. Any means that an individual uses to transfer
meaning, ideas, feeling, emotion or attitude is communication. It may be
written, oral or through body movement.
All the key functions of an organization: Planning, organizing,
directing and controlling depends on effective communication. Communication serves two key functions in
management (a) provides a vehicle by which one can implement a plan of action
coordinated toward a common goal (b) provides a means by which members of an
organization can be motivated to execute the plans.
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