CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Boko
Haram is an Islamic extremist group which according to Onuoha, (2012),
literally means "western education is forbiden, and which, according to
Walker, (2012) had been referred to as the Nigerian Taliban. It had its official group name
as Jama’atuAhlissunnaLidda’awatiWal-jihad
which in Arabic means people committed to the propagation of the Prophet’s
teaching and Jihad around 2002.
Although
the Boko-Haram sect has operated with different names, their basic ideological
mission has consistently been to impose a strict Islamic Sharia law in Nigeria
(Onuoha, 2012; Walker, 2012). Furthermore,
the nature of their activities have left people confused on its true objective
as they kill both Christians and Muslims Galadima & Aluaigbe, (2015).
Boko
Haram has its origin from Maiduguri, Borno State of the North Eastern Nigeria,
as a fanatic Islamic movement and later spread to other northern states
(Walker, 2012; Shuaibu, Salleh, & Shehu, 2015). It is
not clear when the activity of the Sect started Okoro, (2014). But however, scholars traced its early start
to the time of the radical Maitatsine
movement between the 1970s and 1980s in Kano, which basically existed as a
religious fanatic group (Akpomera & Omoyibo, 2014; Rogers, 2012).
The
activities of the Boko Haram sect have also been traced to a more recent time
in 2002, when Mohammed Yusuf, instituted an Islamic sect which became more
attractive to the poor and unemployed Muslims of the state and nearby countries
(Onuoha, 2012; Walker, 2012).
The sect
believes that the Nigerian state has failed as a result of the looming
political and economic corruption, social insecurity, poverty, injustice, and
relative deprivation; which is influenced by westernization (Onuoha, 2012;
Roger, 2012). Consequently, they excluded themselves from the `corrupt society'
to enable them to attract membership through radicalization, and then, come
back to violently establish `pure' Islamic State (Walker, 2012; Onuoha, 2012;
Campbell; 2014). Thus, they attracted some students from Borno
and Yobe states, who withdrew from school, tore their certificates, and joined
in the fight to establish a pure Islamic state (Meagher,
2014; Walker, 2012).
Boko
Haram have sent a good number of attacks to social gatherings, schools,
mosques, churches, people’s residents,
roads etc slaughtering people like rams and hypnotizing many to join the group,
detonating bombs which caused mass destructions of lives. The
attacks of Boko Haram have made destructions which have caused many to lose
their lives, properties, jobs, their families and loved ones and have caused
tension and mayhem. These have led many relocating from their comfort zones to internality
displaced persons camp (IDP’s.)
Internally
displaced persons (IDPs) are people who flee their homes because of conflicts,
communal clashes, war situations, terrorist's activities, systematic violation
of human right, natural disaster, etc. and are further exposed to risk, within
their own country. In Nigeria, people are currently displaced mainly due to the
terrorist activities of Boko Haram (Cohen, 2004; Stepputat & Sorensen,
2001).
Internally
displaced persons (IDPs) have been an issue of national and international
concern since the 1980s. It attracted more attention in the 1990s especially at
the introduction of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement into the
United Nations Commission on Human Rights in 1998 (Cohen, 2004; Stepputat &
Sorensen, 2001).
In
the view of Ibeanu (1998), IDPs are people who involuntarily migrate, because
staying in their homes have become
intolerable as a result of the failure of the state to protect their lives. In
order to protect their lives, IDPs walk long distant places where they assume
to be safe with little or no hope of getting succour Galadima & Aluaigba, (2015).
This implies that IDPs are physically vulnerable and exposed to further attacks
and violence within their own country since the state cannot protect them or
guarantee their security. The plights of
the IDPs are perceived to be worse compared to other Moving and Vulnerable
people (MVPs) because they are not recognized legally and internationally in
terms of the legislature Mapiko & Chinyoka, (2013). Thus, they are
neglected both within and outside the shores of their country. In view of the above that this study is been carried out to examine the implication
of Boko Haram Insurgency on Internally displaced Persons in the F.C.T, using
Kuchigoro as a case study.
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