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Monday 4 December 2017

the Impact of Hayin Gwari Halal Cooperative Multi-purpose Society, Minna, on poverty alleviation.



CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1       Background to the Study
Cooperation is rooted in the tendency to live together and assist one another. It is a positive action geared towards making life worth living and beneficial to the citizenry. When cooperation becomes firm and strong, it elicits peace, safety and progression (Abba, 2013). It engenders robust consideration for the interests of the members of a given association and consequently emphasizes a great deal on the social wellbeing of virtually all members in cooperation . Cooperation is a phenomenon that denotes any form of working together voluntarily by persons or individuals to achieve common goals . To narrow it down, cooperative refers to the activities of an association of persons with similar social, cultural and economic needs who willingly came together satisfy these needs in solidarity. In other words, it came into existence as a result of reactions against capitalism, competition and injustice that are associated with them. It is purely service-delivery .
Significantly, cooperative members are noted to pull their resources together for the satisfaction of their members’ identified needs. It is therefore, the best way to tackle the perennial economic problem of a developing country like Nigeria where a great percentage of people like below poverty line. This is probably what informed the Federal Government to formulate a policy guideline in 1979 that at least 25% of Nigerians should become members of Cooperative Societies . Okechukwu (2001) stated that the Danish people saw in the cooperative easier way of improving their national economy, especially after the war with Germany and their humiliating defeat which contributed to national poverty. They went into promoting economic interest of their people . The Swedish people embraced cooperation because of the need to also improve the economic interest of their citizens. Everybody was made to participate in one form of chosen economic activity or the other .
The origin of cooperation could be traced to the period of industrial revolution in Great Britain which gave rise to associations like the Chartist Movement, Corn Mill, Banking Societies and several others. Despite the fact that some of these associations failed in their struggles, their coming together left a legacy to be remembered; and it consequently attracted attention in the history book. Government, on its part, made some laws to guide against poverty. A formidable and first successful cooperative society came into existence in 1884. It was known as the Rochadale Equitable Pioneers. It was made up of 28 weavers which included 27 men and a woman. In subsequent years, other associations sprang up all over Europe, particularly in France, Germany, Denmark, etc. The success story of these societies or association, which then flourished, was attributed to the efforts of the Rochadale and others to fashion out rules, regulation and guidelines for cooperatives which were eventually known as the Cooperative Principles. Another interesting aspect of the origin of cooperatives in Europe was the emergence of men of good will, the philanthropists, who took it upon themselves to use their human and material resources as well as their wealth to champion the cause of cooperatives.

The Impact of Employees Performance and Development on the Attainment of Organizational Objectives. (A case study of United Bank for Africa Plc., Abuja)





CHAPTER ONE
1.1  INTRODUCTION
The Manpower of an organization is of paramount importance. It is the heart of the organization existence and in any organization the management and employees must have the potentials, ability and ambition to acquire more knowledge in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the organization and also to increase productivity and continuity of human development. The knowledge could be educational. Professional, intellectual and technical in order to improve on their jobs. Individuals about the most important and basic requirement need this so that they could be employed in any prestigious organization such as the UBA.
The acquisition of this knowledge is through training and development, which is a very crucial issue in any UBA because it helps employees perform their duties more efficiently and they can also face other challenges that they would encounter during their working lives.
The utilization of human resources in any hank is very important, this can he acquired through training and development, the use of the knowledge. Skills, and techniques acquired through this process can he properly utilized and put into practical use in employees working lives, it can also serve as a source of motivation in that their aims and objectives as well as that of UBA are achieved, which in the short or long run would earn them a promotion or increase in salary.

 Training is learning aimed directly at enabling a person or a group to acquire particular areas of competence that can immediately be put to use at work. Education on the other hand is learning aimed at enabling people to acquire more general areas of competence which may or may not be used immediately but which will be needed at some future time. (Gordon McBeath (1974).
With training, the way in which the newly gained competence will be applied is known and planned for in advance, where as in education, the application of what is learnt is largely left to the discretion of those who have been educated. Any education process must therefore include learning to identify when and where to use what has been learned.
Planned experience is training designed in such a way that specific learning objectives can be achieved whilst actually doing the job being learned. It also provides an important bridge between training and education in that through it people can learn how to apply the results of more formal instructions
 "Care should be taken that every man entrusted with a responsible duty is thoroughly trained for its performance and competence. Before the responsibility is cast upon him." According to Sir George Findley 1889. Hence, People need to have been trained to at least the minimum level of competence that their jobs require before they are appointed. 

THE OPPORTUNITIES AND BENEFITS OF ICT AND INTERNET USAGE IN SMES.



GENERAL INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
            It has been observed that “the pivotal role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in socio-economic development and poverty reduction cannot be over-emphasised. The establishment of SMEs and their delivery of the mandate of socio-economic development and poverty reduction can be described as very good instrument that empower people and also improve the economy”. Metcalfe, B. (1992)
             Over the years, “technology in business has been changing rapidly as the global environment becomes highly competitive and innovative. The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become very vital to businesses that intend to remain competitive in the market”. In the words of Cravens (2000), “the drivers of change in today’s world include, deregulation, global excess capacity, global competition, changing customer expectations ICT, demographic shifts and changing work and lifestyles. These changes have led organizations to embark on activities that will provide a source of competitive advantage and embrace the usage of ICT”.  Also, “ICT is often viewed as a necessary ingredient to most businesses in recent times. This view of ICT has led to a rush to implement IT systems by most businesses. The view that there exists a link between improved performances due to implementation of ICT in a business’s operations is a presumed truism, opposing views on which opinion offered is divisive”. To an extent, “it is often a struggle for many scholars and academicians to properly link a firm’s ICT infrastructure to the extent to which it defines firm performance” (Brynjolfsson, 1996). Furthermore, “IT refers to “Information Technology” and as such refers to any investment made by the company in the form of computer and communication technologies and shareable technical platforms and databases (R).To redefine the term in a more discernible way, we can refer to IT as any technology that helps to produce, store, communicate and disseminate information”. According to Loretta (2008), “Information and Communication Technology is changing the economy and traditional business become more dependent on new technologies. Compared with traditional business, new technologies facilitate an increased interactivity, flexibility, cheap business transactions as well as improve interconnection with business partners and customers. Information technology is having a significant impact in sector of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), especially where industries are in decline or when unemployment levels are high”.