CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The heart is a hollow
muscular, cone-shaped organ, lying between the lungs in a block of tissue called the
mediastinum (Khader, 2004). The heart begins beating some few weeks following
conception and beats throughout life (Khader, 2004). It is also the strongest
muscle in the human body and functions to maintain a constant circulation of
blood throughout the body, it also acts as a pump and its action is composed of
a series of events known as the cardiac cycle. The heart is composes of three
layers of tissue which are; the pericardium, the myocardium and the
Endocardium. The heart acts as a pump which drives blood into and through the
arteries, but the right and the left side of the heart functions separately
from one another some of the diseases associated with the cardiovascular system
includes coronary heart diseases (CHD) which is the most common of heart
diseases and it occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart narrow or
harden from the build-up of plaque (Gina, 1996.),Ischemic heart disease,
cerebrovascular disease( CeVD),peripheral vascular disease, Heart Failure etc
and some of the pharmacological treatment includes Angiotesin commonly
prescribes includes Benazepril, Captopril, Moexipril, Beta Blockers which
includes, Acebutolol, Betaxolol,etc.
The heart marker
enzymes includes creatine kinasse(CK-MB)which is the enzyme used as the
definitive serum marker for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute myocardial
infarction (Andreas,2009).
Troponin 1 Rapid test
which is a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative
detection of cardiac Troponin 1(CTn1)and its complex in human serum or plasma
at the level equal or higher than 1ng/ml. Myoglobin which is also designed for
qualitative determination of myoglobin in human whole blood serum or plasma as
an aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and myoglobin is also a
low molecular weight cytoplasm protein which is released into the blood stream
when muscle cells are damaged and this protein is released into the blood
stream more rapidly than any other myocardial marker and elevated levels can be
detected as early as one (1) hour after the onset of AMI(Penttila,2002). Demodium
velutinum has been suggested to have some therapeutic effect in the
treatment of cardiovascular disorder and in the reducing of high cholesterol
content in the body.
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