CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
This chapter reviews literature under the following
subheadings: Conceptual Framework, utilization of Mapping and Instructional Materials
resources for effective teaching, learning and students enrolment in secondary
schools, and review of related studies.
2.2
Conceptual Framework
School mapping is an important part of
education. According to Adeogun & Osifila, (2008), School mapping is the
art and science of building geospatial databases with relational databases of
educational, demographic, social and economic information for schools and
educational directorates to support educational planners and decisions
markers. May times, it helps the
officials when they require support for making the decisions like;
1.
Is there proper space for each student
in the existing school?
2. What
should be the location of new school?
3. Is
there a requirement of new school?
2.2.1
School Mapping Activity
School Mapping Activity is a planning process, when the physical
facilities that are to be provided under the plan are actually located or
sited; that is, to decide where (in what community or geographical area) the
school, laboratories, workshops and such other educational facilities are to be
built or provided (Fabunmi, 2008).
It is suggested to undertake a detailed school mapping activity
covering the school and non-school based data to avoid duplication.
2.2. 2 Scope of School Mapping
With the recent development in education in
areas such as literacy programs, post-literacy courses, vocations training and
adult education, school mapping and instructional materials should cover not
only the distribution of formal educational facilities but also the non-formal
educational facilities. The process of school mapping covers the following
specific areas for expansion and improvement of facilities (Fagbeja,
2005):
Rationalisation of existing facilities by:
Ø shifting, closure or
amalgamation of institutions;
Ø optimum utilisation of
teaching and non-teaching staff;
Ø optimum utilisation of
buildings, equipment’s, furniture, etc.
Provision of new or additional facilities by:
Ø Opening of new schools
or upgrading of existing ones;
Ø Providing additional teaching
and non-teaching staff;
Ø Providing new or
additional buildings, furniture and equipment in institutions.
Thus, school mapping has the double function of securing greater
equality of education opportunities and at the same time of rationalizing the use
of existing facilities in an effort to optimize the limited material and
manpower resources and the resultant effect would be boost students enrolment (Fowowe,
2004).
School mapping as a tool
for the in-depth analysis of the existing situation of the school can be fully addressed when a detailed school mapping activity has be
undertaken.
According to Adeyemi
and Adu (2010), it is widely accepted that education is one of the leading
instruments for promoting economic development as it encompasses some processes
individuals go through to help them develop and utilize their potentials.
Further Okeke (2007)
points out that, through education, individuals acquire knowledge, skills and
attitude that are necessary for effective living.
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