CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Creation of
secured access path to offices, homes, hotels, industries etc. has been a
successful discovery of man. As a result of this, it has been possible to
create door/gates that are well secured using smart card.
Individuals are
becoming more aware of the dangers/ risk associated with relying on keys or
padlocks to provide security to unauthorized areas of their apartments.
Fraudsters/criminals can forge keys or make master keys that will be used to
break into such rooms or offices. To eliminate this insecure and old fashioned
method, the use of password in doors/gates mechanism evolved. The development
of single secret authentication such as password is an effective security
control.
A
long pass-word of more than ten characters that consists of random letters,
numbers and special character can be very difficult to crack. Unfortunately,
users cannot always remember the sort of pass-word, partly due to fundamental
human limitations.
However, most
security guidance recommends at least eight character random password. Because
most users cannot commit eight character random password to memory and many
attempt to write it down on a piece of paper which can be misplaced or seen by
another person, while some users tend to choose easy to remember
passwords such as 123‘ or shortcoming of a single secret authentication,
creation of two factor authentication evolved.
Two-factor
authentication i.e. System that uses card and pin code for authentication
overcame the issues of single secret authentication by the requirement of a
second secret.
Hence to reduce
or eliminate the access of unauthorized personnel into unauthorized areas, an
automated door/access path is to be constructed. This involves controlling the
doors/gates by an artificial means (artificial intelligence). It involves the
application of automated system that is incorporated into these doors/gates for
efficient and optimum performance. Taking the advantage of the microcontroller
as one of the fastest processing and intelligent instrument, was incorporated
into the system and interfaced with smartcard in order to achieve accuracy in
processing.
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