ABSTRACT
This
proposed study seeks to investigate the alarming pace at which performance is
deteriorating in Nigeria. The fall in performance and productivity of workers in
both private and public sectors is of a great concern to stakeholders. These
unfortunate situations are roped on poor management, undue political
interference, poor remunerations, lack of prompt promotion, nonpayment of staff
entitlements and other fringe benefits due for the staff in the service and the
delay in payment of staff salary. It is in the light of the aforementioned
scenario that this proposed research seeks to assess the impacts of motivation
on employees’ performance with particular reference to Federal Inland Revenue
Service Abuja. However, the objectives of this proposed research is to identify
the limiting factors to staff poor performance and productivity, and to
understand the factors that sustain staff performance and productivity. Data
for the proposed research would be generated from both primary and secondary
sources, and would be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, with more
focus on quantitative technique using statistical tool called Chi –square
to test the hypotheses. The research findings would be revealed at the end,
recommendations would be made and solution would be proffered.
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
There have been a
number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specific number
of motivating needs with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and
represent the total picture of needs. Unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses
and gaps, and we are still without a general theory of motivation Hassan, B. (2014). All organizations are concerned
with what should be done to achieve or sustain high levels of performance
through people. Consequently the subject of adequate motivation of employees as
derived from the so many attempts made by management practitioners is to look
for the best way to manage employees so as to accomplish an objective or
mission with the least inputs of materials and human resources available Lawler, E.E. (2000).
A lot of theoretical
concept, principles and techniques of management have evolved in response to
these challenges. In general management,
authors have tended to view motivation as a key component of the managerial
function of leading or directing. However,
leading or leadership style, although an important factor in determining the
attitude of employees towards assigned job or responsibilities is not the only
determinant, other managerial functions such as planning, controlling, staffing
and organizing also play a vital role Looke, E.A. (2003).
In any serious and
competitive society, employees are one of the tools for economic progress.
Their welfare is taken into serious cognizance because without a dedicated
workforce, an organization crumbles. The nation (Nigeria) reward system is
probably the poorest in the entire globe. Employees are used, abused, harassed,
offended and discarded without any appreciation for their contribution to their
organization and to the society at large.
It is therefore
apparent that the issue of adequate motivation of employees has relevance in
managerial functions and activities that are aimed at directing the productive
effort of the workforce towards achieving organizational objectives.
Knotz et al (1980)
holds that management strives to create and maintain an environment that is
conducive to the performance of individuals who are working together in groups
towards the accomplishment of pre-selected objectives.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
In Nigeria today,
workers are always on strike for one reason or the other bordering mostly on
how well they are motivated. The
Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics (ASUP) were on strike for about 9 months
last year on issues bordering on the motivation of staff; The association of health workers were on
strike for some months as a result of issues that are related to workers
motivation as well.
Motivating workers has
been a great challenge to employees in Nigeria.
Most employees tend to drive their organizational success with little or
no concern to the welfare and wellbeing of their workers. This ultimately affects the morale and drive
of the workers to give their best hence the performance of the organization. In this proposed research, the researcher
intends to examine these challenges and proffer solutions because it is
fundamentally unrealistic to assume that people would continue to find
satisfaction in co-operating with organization’s affairs if no interest is
shown in their individual needs and problems.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED STUDY
The main objective of this proposed study is “The
Impacts of Motivation on Employees’ job performance in organization ( A Case Study
of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Abuja)”.
The specific objectives of the proposed research
include inter-alia:-
- To identify the factors that cause poor performance of employees in Federal Inland Revenue Service,
- To investigate how motivation as a management tool can help in enhancing productivity in Federal Inland Revenue Service
- To examine and know the impact of motivation on employee productivity
4.
To examine the factors that motivate and
sustain employees performance and productivity
- To proffer solutions and make appropriate recommendations for ensuring positive job attitude, efficient cum high performance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be of
immense benefit to management in both public and private sector of the Nigerian
economy in managing the affairs and resources of organizations. It will assist managers or administrators in
understanding how best to improve upon their existing conditions of service of
the employees and also with the view to improve employees performance and
thereby increasing organizational efficiency, effectiveness and productivity.
Finally, the proposed study
will benefit the researcher as it is a pre-requisite for the award of Bachelor
of Science (B.Sc) Degree and it will equally serve as a reference material to prospective
researchers who intend to carry out a further studies or research on motivation
and job performance.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Research
questions are guidelines and they serve as objective for the researcher in the
course of the proposed study. The
research questions for this proposed study are as follow:
- Is there a significant correlation between motivation and employees’ performance in an organization?
- Is motivation a management tool in enhancing productivity in an organization ?
- What are the factors that motivate and sustain employees’ performance and productivity?
- Do organizations in Nigeria motivate their employees?
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
In other to be able to achieve the
objective of this proposed research, the following hypotheses would be tested. There
are two types of hypotheses, the Null hypothesis that takes the negative form
and the Alternative hypothesis that takes the positive form.
Where:
H0 =
Null hypothesis
H1 =
Alternative hypothesis
Both hypothesis
are complementary.
Null
Hypothesis:
H0:
There is no significant correlation between motivation and high level of
performance among employees of Federal Inland Revenue Service
Alternative
Hypothesis:
H1:
There
is a significant correlation between motivation and high level of performance
among employees Federal Inland Revenue Service
SCOPE OF STUDY
The proposed research study is limited
to investigate the impacts of motivation in organizations. However, to cover the entire private and public
sectors in Nigeria will be cumbersome.
Thus, the researcher proposed Federal Inland Revenue Service, Abuja, which the she could conveniently cover
as a case study. Owing to unforeseen resource
constraints, Federal Inland Revenue Service, Abuja, would be studied. All the department and cadres of employees would
be covered in this proposed study to examine the impact of motivation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A lot of literature
deals with motivation as a basic psychological process. Also a great deal of research has been
conducted on motivation in the work place.
Such research has
covered issues like job design, leadership style, the design of compensation,
promotional system and many others. However,
the question of what motivates employees to perform effectively has been a
puzzle.
Many aspects are yet
unexplored and there are many other alternative ways of characterizing and
organizing what is known about the relationship between motivation and management.
Vroom et’al (1964)
gave three approaches which are used as managerial or organizational
strategies for stimulating motivation. These are paternalistic approach,
scientific management approach and participative management approach.
Paternalistic
Approach To Motivation: This approach assumes that people
will be motivated to perform their job
effectively if they are satisfied with their job. The more one reward workers,
the harder they will work. The greater
the extent to which an employee’s needs are satisfied in his job, the greater
the extent to which he will respond, presumably with gratitude or loyalty, by performing
effectively on that job.
Participation Management Approaches To
Motivation: The
participation management approach assumes that individual can derived
satisfaction from doing an effective job per se; they can become ego involved
with their jobs, emotionally committed to doing them well and takes prides from
evidence that they are effective in furthering the objectives of the
organization. The assumptions underlying a participative approach to management
are more completely documented by McGregor when he talks about theory Y.
One of the best basic
elements of different theories of participative management is the integration
of the planning and the doing. The term “management by objective” expresses a
similar idea. In essence the
discretionary component is reduced. The person is given broads goals or
objectives and is able to determine for himself how they are to be achieved.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
According to Harper (2004), the term
“methodology” describes all the activities to be used in the collection of the
necessary data and information required for the research project. This section describes the research design
area of the proposed study to be carried out, population of the study, sample
size / sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, methods of data
collection and methods of data analysis. The proposed study will be carried out
predominately on “The Impacts Of
Motivation On Employees’ Job Performance In Organization ( A Case Study Of
Federal Inland Revenue Services, Abuja) and it is on this area that the
data will relate. The type of research
design that will be used in this proposed study is survey in nature. The instrument for data collection will be
interview and questionnaire as well as contributions from various writers.
SAMPLE SIZE / SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Sample is the part of the population on
which further analysis is sought. An
analysis based on sample is as precise as that based on the entire population.
The sampling techniques that will be used in this proposed study is the simple
random sampling. Using this technique, anybody within the
population of the proposed study is eligible to represent the total population
as a sample.
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
The main methods of data collection that
will be considered will be primary and secondary data. The researcher will take
cognizance of the descriptive nature of the proposed research work and will
apply it for the completion.
METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS
In analyzing the data to
be generated through the use of research instrument, the researcher will use
simple percentages and tables. At the end of each table, the percentages of the
total responses will be calculated for the purpose of decision.
The percentage that
would be positive to the findings will lie from 50% and above, while from 49%
and below will be considered negative responses which will not be favavourable. Hypotheses will be tested with the use of a
statistical tool called the Chi square x2;
Where
chi-square X2 = ∑(O – E)2
E
O = Observed
frequency
E = Expected
frequency
∑ = Summation
The decision rule is:
Reject H0 if X2
Cal > X2 tab
Accept H0 if X2
Cal < X2 tab
INSTRUMENT FOR THE DATA COLLECTION
Questionnaire will be used for primary
data collections which will be administered to respondents in the proposed study
areas and a letter requesting for the respondents’ cooperation and introduction
of the study will be attached to the questionnaire. Questions asked will be derived from the
objectives and research questions of the proposed study.
SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
This research proposal gave concise
guidelines on how the researcher intends to carry out her approved proposed
research project topic “The Impacts of
Motivation On Employees’ Job Performance In an Organization”. Chapter one of the proposed study would be an
Introduction, chapter two, Review of Literature and Theoretical Framework, chapter
three, Research Design and Methodology, chapter four, Data Presentation and
Analysis and chapter five would be Summary of Findings, Conclusion and
Recommendations.
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B. (2002):
Grammar of Local Government in Nigeria, university press plc, Lagos
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A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
ON
THE
IMPACTS OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE
STUDY OF FEDERAL INLAND REVENUE SERVICE, ABUJA).
BY
HALIMA BALEWA
REG: NO. Bu/14c/bs/1517
DEPARTMENT: MANAGEMENT
BAZEE UNIVERSITY, ABUJA - NIGERIA
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