CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Of The Study
This chapter provides a
broad overview of the employment situation in graduate s which is a major
concern of government and their social partner throughout the region. The approach
is rather general and highlights major issues concerning employment problems
and prospects in the region. Because of data limitation, it does not attempt a
comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the employment situation. it brings
with an examination of the employment problems, including background
information on its origin and trends, and then looks at the nature and
underlying causes of contemporary unemployment. Unemployment of a large portion
of the labor force is a central problem now in almost all the underdeveloped
countries.
The
phenomenon of chronic
unemployment has become
the major concern of
successive Nigerian government.
The phenomenon of joblessness creates much concern for
the individual Nigerians. According to the 1966 - 67 manpower surveys in
Nigeria, the proportion of the labour force in Nigeria not working is 1 - 7
percent, which means that nearly two of every one hundred member of the
potential labor are unemployed.
Unemployment has thus
reached such an alarming situation today that is perhaps considered the most
serious of the problem affecting Nigeria and one that is steadily worsening as
the gap between the rapid rising member pressing for work and the new
employment opportunities being created widens.
In the underdeveloped
countries such as Nigeria however employment benefits are not available to the
unemployed. the income level of the great majority of families makes the
provision of unemployment benefits virtually impossible thus those unable to
find jobs or these discharged from their previous employments re left to fend
for themselves. in under developed countries majority of job seekers are
therefore forced to create employment for themselves
particularly in the rural agricultural sectors where they force disguised
unemployment. in the context of this study both those who are disguised
unemployment. in the context of this study both those who are disguisedly
unemployed and those who are openly unemployed are lumped together as the
unemployed.
thus unemployment is
define briefly as the negative aspect of the economic process for an unemployed
person is one who despite his willingness and capacity to work is unable to do
so for reasons inherent in the organization of the commodity production.
1.2 Statement Of Research Problems
Unemployment rates are
particularly high among graduate and especially among school leaves, giving
rise increasingly to the problems of "educated unemployment".
paradoxically, graduate unemployment seems to be correlated with levels of
education attained in some cases.
Moreover, graduate s
and new entrants to the labour force are as well placed as experienced workers
to find employment in new opportunities or to go into self employment. The problems
of graduate unemployment reflect the contraction of jobs in the modern sector
and declining rate of job creation in that sector. It also suggests serious
labour market distortions related to the development and utilization of human
resources in the context of changing economic circumstances. further, the
problem of graduate unemployment is linked to the fact of many African
countries, as already noted, continue to record relatively high rates of
population growth, and the population structure of some of those countries is
overwhelmingly young will children of school going age accounting for as much
as half of the total population in some cases.
Unemployment has become
a current and a current universal problem in Nigeria. The impact presently has
been felt by 80% of Nigerian's families. The efforts of our government to curb
it are inadequate or misdirected, so positive results are not yet in sight.
Unemployment has
brought hardship and object poverty to many families. The level of adult
dependency has increased, so the rate of saving in our economy is declining.
The problem has also led to increase in crime waves and rates. All these could
spell doom for the nation. It is deemed fit to embark on this study as a
contribution towards the eradication of the problems of unemployment and its
accompanying problems and hardship to the individual and in general.
Our primary motive of
carrying out this study were born of the desire to contribute in any meaningful
way the idea of how the glowing rate of unemployment in Nigeria can be dealt
with in order to reduce its social and other consequences especially on our
leaders of tomorrow to at least a minimum.
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