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Thursday, 7 May 2015

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING- TOPIC: VARIANCE




For questions and answers, email theotherwomaninmarriage@gmail.com  

QUESTION:
The question or illustration is in the text book of Management Accounting but I will bring in the question much later for those of us who did not have the text book.  But for those that have it, go to page 130. (BBC Manufacturing company)
Here is the solution below – sorry, I wasted time to post today.


SOLUTION:
MPV = Material Price variance. Here is the formula:
MPV(A) = (SP – AP) X AQ

EXPLANATION:
We have material A and material B: That is why we have this formula as MPV (A).  SP is standard price, AP is actual price and AQ is actual quantity.  What this means is that.  A mudu of gari is sold for N200 as a standard price, you might get it at N250 or N180 when you get to the market.  This price that you bought the gari finally is known as the actual price.  While Actual quantity is the quantity you finally got or bought due to some circumstance.

So now let’s solve for MPV (A)
MPV(A) = (SP – AP) X AQ
MPV (A) = (10-11) x 19,000.
N19,000Adv

EXPLANATION
N10 is the standard price, pls read the question again if you are confused.  N11 is the actual price while 19,000 is the actual quantity.  I picked all the figures from the question.  Now after solving, if you have minus sign, it means adverse so you don’t need to write minus rather you write adverse – Adv for short.  But if you have positive figure, then you have FV.  That is favourable.  Now let’s solve for  Material B.
MPV (B) = (SP – AP) X AQ

Note: Look at the question for material B figures.

 MPV(B) = (SP – AP) X AQ
MPV (B) = (15-14) x 10,100.
MPV(B)=             N10,100Fv

I don’t need to explain this because, it is the same thing with the first one we solved. It just that the figures are just different.  For example if Material A is Gari, and Material B is yam, they must have different prices. 

Now let’s calculate for MUV(A). Material Usage Variance. This will enable us know if the gari we bought was used properly.  Variance means difference or differentials.  Here is the formula.

MUV(A)               = (SQ-AQ) x SP
What this means is that, the one mudu of gari I bought, how was it used.  is the standard quantity you used is less or more (that is the actual quantity).  That is what we are calculating to know. 

So let’s go on:
MUV(A)               = (SQ-AQ) x SP
MUV (A) = (18,000 – 19,000) x 10
MUV (A) = 10,000Adv

Here we have workings to show:
SQ is not given, but we got it by calculating 9000 x 2kg = 18,000kg.
The 9,000 is from…………………………………read the question.  While the 2kg is from ……………….. also from the question.

Now let’s calculate for MUV (B)
MUV(B)               = (SQ-AQ) x SP
MUV (B) = (9,000 – 10,000) x 15
MUV (B) = 16,500Adv

Workings:
Same 9000 but multiply by 1kg.  9000 x 1kg = 9000kg. Please, read the question and you will see where this figure is from.
Now Material Cost Variance.  Which is MCV.  This is simple.  Here is the formula: MPV + MUV.

Just add the figures of MPV and MUV for material A.  Then also for material B.
Here is it.

 MCV(A) = (MPV + MUV)
MCV (A)= 19,000+10,000 = 29,000Adv

Remember the figures you got for MPV(A) and MUV (A)? That is what we brought substituted.

If your answer is Adv meaning negative, you don’t need to put the negative sign or if you have FV which is positive, you don’t need to put the positive sign but FV. So the above answers were adv both. Meaning negative both. That is why when we add them together, we got 29,000Adv.

Now  let’s solve MCV (B)
MCV(B) = (MPV + MUV)
MCV (B)= 10,100+16,500 = 6,400Adv

The reason for this answer is that 10,100 was Fv that means positive or favourable while 16,500 was negative or adverse.  So, when you add them this is what you get. 10,000 +-16,500 = -6,400.  But because we don’t need to put those sign, that is why I replaced them with Adv for negative or adverse.

Next, we are calculating for LRV Labour Rate Variance:
LRV = (SR-AR) X AHU
SR is Standard Rate, AR is Actual Rate while AHU is Actual Hour Used.
LRV = (9-9.60)x 28,500
LRV = N17,100Adv

Again, read the question and see where the figures were picked from the Direct labour.

Next is LEFFV = Labour Efficiency Variance:
LEFFV = (SH-AH) x SR
LEFFV = (27,000-28,500)x 9
LEFFV = 13,500Adv

Workings for this: The standard hours was not given so LEFFV: SH=9,000x3hr = 27,000. That is how we got the 27,000 above.  The 28,500 is in the question. That is the Actual Hours used.

Next is to calculate for Labour Cost Variance (LCV).
LCV = (LRV + LEFFV)
LCV = (17,100 + 13,500)
LCV = N30,600 Adv

Variable Overhead Rate Variance (VORV):
VOHRV= (SR-AR) X AH
VOHRV= (2-52,000/28,500) X 28,500
VOHRV=5000F

Workings:  52,000/28,500 = 1.824….. put the whole figure – don’t approximate.
Next is Variable Efficiency Variance (VEFFV)
(VEFFV) = (SH-AH) x SR
(VEFFV) = (27,000-28,500) x 2
(VEFFV) = 3,000 Adv

Next is Variable Overhead Cost Variance (VOHCV).
VOHCV = (VOHRV +VEFFV)
VOHCV = (5000 +3,000)
VOHCV = 2,000Fv

Lastly, we have to compute for fixed overhead Variance:
Here is the formula:
Budged Fixed Overhead – Actual Fixed Overhead:
120,000-116,000
Fixed Overhead Variance =4,000Fv

Now, without all this long English or explanation, this is how the solving should be below:

SOLUTION:
MPV = Material Price variance. Here is the formula:
MPV(A) = (SP – AP) X AQ
MPV (A) = (10-11) x 19,000.
N19,000Adv

MPV (B) = (SP – AP) X AQ
MPV(B) = (SP – AP) X AQ
MPV (B) = (15-14) x 10,100.
MPV(B)=             N10,100Fv

MUV(A)               = (SQ-AQ) x SP
MUV (A) = (18,000 – 19,000) x 10
MUV (A) = 10,000Adv

MUV(B)               = (SQ-AQ) x SP
MUV (B) = (9,000 – 10,000) x 15
MUV (B) = 16,500Adv

MCV(A) = (MPV + MUV)
MCV (A)= 19,000+10,000 = 29,000Adv

MCV(B) = (MPV + MUV)
MCV (B)= 10,100+16,500 = 6,400Adv

LRV = (SR-AR) X AHU
LRV = (9-9.60)x 28,500
LRV = N17,100Adv

Next is LEFFV = Labour Efficiency Variance:
LEFFV = (SH-AH) x SR
LEFFV = (27,000-28,500)x 9
LEFFV = 13,500Adv

LCV = (LRV + LEFFV)
LCV = (17,100 + 13,500)
LCV = N30,600 Adv

Variable Overhead Rate Variance (VORV):
VOHRV= (SR-AR) X AH
VOHRV= (2-52,000/28,500) X 28,500
VOHRV=5000F

Next is Variable Efficiency Variance (VEFFV)
(VEFFV) = (SH-AH) x SR
(VEFFV) = (27,000-28,500) x 2
(VEFFV) = 3,000 Adv

Next is Variable Overhead Cost Variance (VOHCV).
VOHCV = (VOHRV +VEFFV)
VOHCV = (5000 +3,000)
VOHCV = 2,000Fv

Lastly, we have to compute for fixed overhead Variance:
Here is the formula:
Budged Fixed Overhead – Actual Fixed Overhead:
120,000-116,000
Fixed Overhead Variance =4,000Fv

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