QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON AFRICAN POLITICS

AFRICAN POLITICS

1. Discuss fully the impact of colonialism on Africa

Answer:

Colonialism is the direct and overall domination of one country by another on the basis of state power being in the hands of a foreign power.  For example, the direct and overall domination of Nigeria by Britain between 1900-160.

Impact of Colonialism in Africa

The Major impact of colonialism in African is that it brought about the under-development of African territories in many different ways.  The colonial education was not rooted in African culture and therefore could not foster any meaningful development within the African environment because it had no organic linkage.   Colonial education essentially aimed at training clerks, interpreters, produce inspectors, artisans etc. which would help them in the exploitation of the Africa’s rich resources.  It did not aim at industrialisation of African territories nor at stimulating technological development within the African environment.

Another impact of colonialism in African is the disarticulation of their economy.  Colonialism distorted African pattern of economic development in many different ways. 

2. Identify and discuss the factors that influenced the decolonization processes in Africa

Answer:

Factors which influence Decolonization:

The advent of colonialism which most Africans regarded as chief cause of oppression and backwardness of their continent did develop its own contradictions that formed the seed of its own destruction.

There are several factors remote and immediate which gathered a head and set aflame the momentum that precipitated the emergence of decolonization and these include the following:

-                      The decline of European imperialism

The decline of European imperialism can partly be attributed to perhaps an advance in moral conscience which condemned domination and exploitation and also to the ego of the colonized coming out of imperialism with new found strength with their ability to persuade the world of the rightness of their cause. 

Another very important fact is that imperialism has been drawing to a close precisely because it has been fulfilling the historic function of spreading abroad the dynamism inherent in the great western revolution of modern times.

The Africans, - the colonized, who were driven into the modern world by the so-called alien matters had learnt enough of a lesson to insist that, henceforth, they would themselves take control of their further advances into modernity.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF CHISCO TRANSPORT COMPANY LIMITED

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1   Introduction

This chapter deals with the review of studies and literature of various researchers and authors pertaining to the topic which offers some insights into the qualities of successful leadership style.  Every leader in every organization performs certain roles/tasks for the smooth running of the organization and improvement of organizational performance. The manner the leader performs these roles and directs the affairs of the organization is referred to as his/her leadership style. Leadership style therefore is the way a leader leads. Some leaders are more interested in the work to be done than in the people they work with while others pay more attention to their relationship with subordinates than the job. Whether a leader emphasizes the task or human relations is usually considered central to leadership style Akpala (2015).

2.2 Concepts of Leadership Style

Leadership is a concept that originally developed in folk psychology to explain social influence on groups Bass (2006).  Many people believe that leadership is simply being the first, biggest or most powerful. Leadership in organizations has different and more meaningful definitions. Very simply put, a leader is interpreted as someone who sets direction in an effort and influences people to follow that direction.

Leadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve groups or organizational goals and performance Ashibogwu (2008).  Therefore leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals.

The source of this influence may be formal as a result of one possessing a managerial rank in an organization or informal such as non-sanctioned leadership, which is the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization. The informal structure of leadership is as important if leadership is the result of the interaction among leaders, the followers and the leadership situation. The leadership process contains all these elements Keller (2006).

SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT – BUILD YOUR OWN BUSINESS (PART 2)

SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT – BUILD YOUR OWN BUSINESS (PART 2)

A DIGITAL DASHBOARD FOR DEVA CONCEPT NIGERIA LIMITED

DIVINATION OF A DIGITAL DASHBOARD:

A digital dashboard is an electronic interface used to acquire and consolidate data across an organization. A digital dashboard provides in-depth business analysis, while providing a real-time snapshot of department productivity, trends and activities and key performance indicators, etc.

STEP 1: DATA FOR THE LIST OF COMPONENTS IN THE DIGITAL DASHBOARD TO BE TRACKED

There are three major types of products sold in Deva Concept Nigeria Limited: Beverages, Cosmetics and Confectioneries. Below are collected reports and sales data per product type, and chain profitability data for all four quarters for previous year.

SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT – BUILD YOUR OWN BUSINESS

SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT – BUILD YOUR OWN BUSINESS

1.       DEVA CONCEPT NIGERIA LIMITED

Deva Concept Nigeria Limited is the name chosen for my business.  Deva Concept Nigeria Limited is an indigenous company (supermarket) duly registered with Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) to carry out the sales of cosmetics, provisions,  etc.  Since its incorporation, the company has been in the first class business of the aforementioned products.

2. AN ANALYSIS OF BUYER POWER AND SUPPLIER POWER FOR MY BUSINESS USING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL.

Buyer Power:   In assessing buyer power, it is pertinent to know that my business will take into cognizance how easy it is for customers to bring prices down. This depends on the following factors: (1) The number of buyers (2)The importance of each customer to my business (3) The cost to consumers switching from my offering to products and services by another company.

It is worthy of note that my business will not handle only some powerful purchasers, so that they don’t dictate the terms to me, because where there are fewer buyers, they often control the market.

Supplier Power: the first step to take here is to assess how easy it is for the suppliers to increase prices of inputs. This depends on the following factors: (1) The number of suppliers of the key input (2) How unique their product or service is (3)Their strengths and how much control they have over me (4) The cost of switching from one to another

INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS EDUCATION ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG THE STUDENTS OF LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY IBADAN

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, related literature as this research study is concerned will be reviewed in the following sub-headings; Conceptual Framework,  Empirical Review, Theoretical Framework, Research Gaps, Summary of Review. This will serve as bases for the whole study i.e. some aspects to be reviewed here will be used in analysing our data in chapter three.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

 

The need to alleviate poverty, the scourge that afflicts the society, with economic, social, political and environmental deprivation, has been a source of concern to many Nigerians and particularly the federal government of Nigeria. Alleviation refers to the art of making a poor condition less severe or erasing a state of being poor.  In African continent, poverty has a long time-phenomenon that has been in existence as long as the continent itself. National ravaged with poverty are referred to as developing, under-developed or third-world countries.

 The Western nations use literacy levels, infant mortality and per capita income as the criteria for assessing African countries (Nwosu, 2003).

Ojo,  (2005). defines poverty as a stale of inadequacy, deprivation, want deficiency, owning nothing at all or having not enough for all the necessities of life, having too little to live on.

Poverty is identified with material deprivation, social exclusion, establishing emotions and dependency and political powerlessness. It is associated with the individual or family inability to acquire enough assets, income or public utilities, inadequate education and negligible health service (Okenwa, 2009).

2.2.1 Dynamics of poverty

The poor are not a single group with only a single problem of lack of money but poverty has many dimensions –shortened lives, illiteracy, social exclusion and lack of materials means to improve family circumstances (Ekwuruke, 2013). Further, these dimensions can overlap in different combinations where for example men view poverty different from women.

AFRICAN UNION AND THE CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA, 2001 - 2011

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Integration is no longer a simple question of propriety, it is an inevitable strategy of survival and development. The rhythm of globalisation sustained by the tidal wave of economic liberalization and disparities in the share of projects, have made it as emergency for African countries to hold each other’s hands if they wish to expand, strengthen, and integrate their economic area. - Salim Ahmed Salim, former OAU Secretary General quoted in Olubomehin and Kawonishe (2004: 1).

The formation of regional blocs and groupings has increasingly become a prominent feature of world politics especially since 1945. This is because regional integration, which they aim at achieving, has increasingly become a framework for development of continents all over the world. Thus, the Asian region has Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), America has North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) while Europe has the European Union (EU). Africa, so as not to be left behind in the race for development via regional integration, established the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. The OAU emerged as a culmination of efforts by Africans and peoples of African descent to salvage the continent from the yokes of colonialism, racial prejudice and discrimination and bring the African peoples much closer together.

Even though African statesmen believed in continental unity, they were divided on how to achieve it. This lack of agreement soon assumed institutional form when “the radicals” held their conference in Casablanca in January 1961 and became known as the “Casablanca Powers” while “the moderates” held theirs in Monrovia and consequently became known as the “Monrovia Group”. Although both groups accepted and agreed on the principle of unity and the need for African states to federate as confederates, they disagreed in their approaches to the issue. For instance, while the Casablanca group proposed and created an African Consultative Assembly with a representative of every African state, the Monrovia group preferred a unity of aspirations and of actions considered from the point of view of African social solidarity and political identity. Thus, African states towed two different paths towards continental unity. This, among other factors, stagnated the organisation and, as Zdenek Cervenka pointed out “because of these deep divisions, the OAU represents a largely negative agreement” (Zdenek, 1977: ix).

INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL MAPPING AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON STUDENTS ENROLMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OLUYOLE LGA, OYO STATE

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1                  Introduction

 This chapter reviews literature under the following subheadings: Conceptual Framework, utilization of Mapping and Instructional Materials resources for effective teaching, learning and students enrolment in secondary schools, and review of related studies.

 2.2                Conceptual Framework

 School mapping is an important part of education.  According to Adeogun  & Osifila, (2008), School mapping is the art and science of building geospatial databases with relational databases of educational, demographic, social and economic information for schools and educational directorates to support educational planners and decisions markers.  May times, it helps the officials when they require support for making the decisions like;

1.      Is there proper space for each student in the existing school?

2.      What should be the location of new school?

3.      Is there a requirement of new school?

 

2.2.1 School Mapping Activity

 School Mapping Activity is a planning process, when the physical facilities that are to be provided under the plan are actually located or sited; that is, to decide where (in what community or geographical area) the school, laboratories, workshops and such other educational facilities are to be built or provided (Fabunmi, 2008).

It is suggested to undertake a detailed school mapping activity covering the school and non-school based data to avoid duplication.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF CULTISM ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS (A CASE STUDY OF LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY IBADAN)

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Introduction

This chapter reviewed previous literature from various authors and it is divided into three parts. The first part aims to provide explanations to some of the conceptual issues deemed necessary to be given a prior explanatory before diving into the heart of the work. The second part on the other hand concerns with presenting the theories used and how they serve as a window through which discussions and analyses are drawn and finally, the summary of the review.

  

2.2    Conceptual Framework

2.2.1   Concept of Cultism

It has never been easy to give a comprehensive definition of the term ‘Cult’. This is because the term cultism could be applied to a wide range of groups and could convey different meaning by different users. Okwu (2006) cited Denga (1991) where the author defined cultism as a system of religious belief and practices or ideology. Also, Orukpe, (2003), noted that ‘Cults are a group of people who share and propagate peculiar secret beliefs divulged only to Member’.  He stressed further that occultism or possession of mystical power is often associated with cults. The veracity of this is difficult to ascertain because of their secret modus operandi.

Cult can be seen as a group of people that are devoted to a particular cause. In real sense cult per se is not evil, it is rather the anti-societal behaviour of its members which has negative influence on social economy and academic performance that make it to be evil and a cause of concern to society (Smah, 2001).

Rotimi (2005) asserted that the secret cult phenomenon is not new in Africa. Citing Aguda (1997), the author observed that activities of secret cults, like ‘Human Leopards’ and ‘Human crocodiles’, have been recorded in Central Africa. Furthermore in citing Thomas (2002), the author stated that cultist groups enjoy subtle support and patronage from both government and school authorities as cult members were sometimes used by politicians for revenge and for setting personal scores. 

THE EFFECT OF MOTHER TONGUE INTERFERENCE IN THE STUDY OF SPOKEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS (OLUYOLE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN IBADAN)

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, related works in the literature as this research work is concerned will be reviewed. This will serve as bases for the whole study i.e. some aspects to be reviewed here will be used in analysing our data in chapter three.

Due to the fact that sociolinguistics is a wide field, mother tongue interference and some other related sociolinguistic aspects (including language acquisition, bilingualism and some others) have been selected for the review.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

Bilingualism and multilingualism are features of sociolinguistics.

According to Coates (1993), Sociolinguistics has been defined as the study of language in its social context. The study of language in its social context means crucially the study of linguistic variation. Coates (1993) also identified two types of variations which are: stylistics variation and social variation.

Mackey (1968:) in Romaine (1989) opines: The study of bilingualism could therefore be said to fall within the field of sociolinguistics in so far as the later is a discipline which is concerned with the ways in which language is used in the society.  Grosjean (1982) estimated that about half the world’s population is bilingual and that bilingualism is present in practically every country of the world. It is very rare to see a country with just a language, even a language has varieties.

McGregor (2009) opines that many speech communities around the world are constituted of individuals who speak two or more shared languages.  The term bilingualism is refered to such situations allowing that more than two languages may be involved: sometimes the term multilingualism is used instead as the cover term. From all the scholars that been quoted above, it is deducible that bilingualism is a situation whereby more than a language is present in a society and multilingualism in its case is referred to as a situation whereby more than two languages are used side by side in a geographical environment.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LOCAL MADE INVERTERS (MADE IN NIGERIA) AND INTERNATIONALLY MADE INVERTERS

                                                             INTRODUCTION

In this modern society, electricity has great control over the most daily activities for instance in domestic and industrial utilization of electric power for operations. Electricity can be generated from public supply to consumers in different ways including the use of water, wind or steam energy to drive the turbine as well as more recently the use of gas. Generators, solar energy and nuclear energy are also source of electricity (Adeyanju, 2003).

In Nigeria, there is inconsistence supply of electricity by the power supplying company to the consumers. Hence the use of additional electric power source such as electric power generators and most recently the use of semiconductor power devices such as the Bipolar Transistor, Thyristors and particularly MOSFET to generate electric power in conjunction with a DC battery in few kilowatts. An Inverter offers a better additional power source to Generators as well as UPS considering its long duration, cost effectiveness and maintainability (Ganiyu, 2004).

An inverter is used to provide uninterrupted 220V AC supply to the load connected to its output socket. It provides constant AC supply at its output socket, even when the AC mains supply is not available.  It is a combination of inverter circuit, charger circuit and a battery.

The charger circuit keeps the battery charged when the mains supply is available and when the mains AC fails, the inverter circuit takes the DC power stored in the battery and converts it into 220V/50Hz AC supply, which can be used to power any common electronic equipment or computer systems. It performs the reverse role of rectifier where the AC power is converted into DC power and functions by chopping DC voltage through various means.

Most of the electrical equipment works with the 220V AC supply but internally, their circuit works on the DC supply. Hence the external AC supply is converted into DC supply by the power supply unit on these equipments.