UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER   ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background to the Study

Entrepreneurship stirs up ideas that could enhance enterprises. This perhaps informed why entrepreneurship is fundamental to generating new ideas and developing new business opportunities (Shanghai, 2001). Ayeduso in Osuala (2004) stated that while the word entrepreneur describes the person or the actor, entrepreneurship talks about the actions, efforts, abilities, skills, processes or sometimes the business unit itself. Following the same opinion, Inegbenebor (2006) said that entrepreneurship is about learning the skills needed to assume the risk of establishing a business. It is about developing strategies and executing them with all the vigour, persistence and passion needed. According to him, preparing for entrepreneurship focuses on attitude and skill formation for the identification of economic opportunities, feasibility analysis, business planning and making arrangements for the sustenance and growth of the enterprise. Similarly, the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency (SMEDA, 2004) stated that entrepreneurship develops when a person organizes and manages a commercial undertaking. SMEDA also noted that entrepreneurship combines strong character of diligence, innovativeness, readiness to take risk, ability to sense opportunity, ability to mobilize human and material resources, being goal-oriented and focused, preserving and dogged for growth and excellence. Entrepreneurship is certainly critical in economic transformation. Entrepreneurship, according to Ray, Adams and McMilliam (1990) is being able to discover innovations that can enhance marketing of goods and services, create enabling business environment, staff training and deal with barriers to growth.

STUDENT CONTACTS NEEDED

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CHAPTER TWO OF "THE EFFECT OF MOBILE MARKETING ON CUSTOMERS' SATISFACTION

  

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1  Introduction

This section is divided into; conceptual issues, theoretical literature and empirical findings. Also, the views of different authors in relation to mobile marketing, marketing mix, customers’ satisfaction etc. are discussed. The theoretical literature looks at the theories of mobile service adoption and consumer behaviour theories. Empirical findings look at the results of previous works of effects of mobile marketing on customers’ satisfaction and attitude of customers towards mobile advertising and marketing.

2.2  The Concept of Mobile Marketing

The review of the mobile marketing literature has shown that practitioners and academics have proposed numerous definitions of mobile marketing, but a common agreement on its definition is still lacking. Mobile Marketing Association (2005) has suggested that “mobile marketing is any form of marketing, advertising or sales promotion activity aimed at consumers and conducted over a mobile channel”.   Scharl, Dickinger and Murphy (2005) defined mobile marketing as using a wireless medium to provide customers with time- and location-sensitive, personalized information that promotes products, services and ideas, thereby benefiting all stakeholders.

APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC: THE EFFECT OF MOBILE MARKETING ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (A CASE STUDY OF DEAL DEY)

   CHAPTER ONE

                                               INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background to the Study

Advances in technology especially information technology and globalization have changed the way in which the world conducts business and are increasingly providing consumers with greater conveniences. The industrial revolution of the 18^th century led to a new economy, which was defined in terms of mass production of standardized products, mass distribution of these products to consumers and mass media vehicles to carry standardized advertising messages” Godin, (2003).

During this era, selling underwent a major transformation from personal one-to-one persuasion to mass advertising campaigns designed for the consumers Solove, (2004). The same message was communicated to the consumers regardless of the difference in nature and characteristics of each consumer. Mass marketing yielded only short term sales and not loyal customers as these forced marketing firms to understand that consumers cannot be treated as a homogeneous group Doinita, (2012). Marketers had to develop targeted marketing communications in order to build and maintain relationships with customers. Targeted marketing became truly successful when it was associated with direct marketing, “a database-driven interactive process of directly communicating with targeted customers or prospects using any medium to obtain a measurable response or transaction” Spiller and Baier, (2010).

Post titleRELATIONSHIP AMONG PEER PRESSURE, TIME MANAGEMENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF ADOLESCENTS IN NIGERIAN’S SCHOOLS

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 

1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Educational activities are geared towards ensuring that students achieve mastery of educational objectives. In school , the extent to which these objectives have been achieved, is determined by their level of peer pressure, time management as students’ success are reflected in their academic performance. Peers play a large role in the social and emotional development of adolescents Allen (2005). Their influence begins at an early age and increases through the teenage years, it is natural, healthy and important for adolescent to have and rely on friends as they grow and mature. A peer could be any one you look up to in behaviour or someone who you would think is equal to your age or ability Hardcastle, (2002). On the other hand, the term “pressure” implies the process that influence people to do something that they might not otherwise choose to do.

According to Hartney, (2011), peer pressure refers to the influences that peers can have on each other. Peer pressure is emotional or mental forces from people belonging to the same social group (such as age, grade or status) to act or behave in a manner similar to themselves Weinfied (2010).

Jones, (2010) defined peer pressure as the ability of people from the same social rank or age to influence another of same age bracket, peer pressure is usually associated with teens although its influence is not confined to teenagers alone.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ABSTRACT

This proposed study seeks to investigate the alarming pace at which performance is deteriorating in Nigeria. The fall in performance and productivity of workers in both private and public sectors is of a great concern to stakeholders. These unfortunate situations are roped on poor management, undue political interference, poor remunerations, lack of prompt promotion, nonpayment of staff entitlements and other fringe benefits due for the staff in the service and the delay in payment of staff salary. It is in the light of the aforementioned scenario that this proposed research seeks to assess the impacts of motivation on employees’ performance with particular reference to Federal Inland Revenue Service Abuja. However, the objectives of this proposed research is to identify the limiting factors to staff poor performance and productivity, and to understand the factors that sustain staff performance and productivity. Data for the proposed research would be generated from both primary and secondary sources, and would be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, with more focus on quantitative technique using statistical tool called Chi –square to test the hypotheses. The research findings would be revealed at the end, recommendations would be made and solution would be proffered.

 

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

There have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation which list a specific number of motivating needs with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs. Unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses and gaps, and we are still without a general theory of motivation Hassan, B. (2014).  All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve or sustain high levels of performance through people. Consequently the subject of adequate motivation of employees as derived from the so many attempts made by management practitioners is to look for the best way to manage employees so as to accomplish an objective or mission with the least inputs of materials and human resources available Lawler, E.E. (2000).

A lot of theoretical concept, principles and techniques of management have evolved in response to these challenges.  In general management, authors have tended to view motivation as a key component of the managerial function of leading or directing.   However, leading or leadership style, although an important factor in determining the attitude of employees towards assigned job or responsibilities is not the only determinant, other managerial functions such as planning, controlling, staffing and organizing also play a vital role Looke, E.A. (2003).

In any serious and competitive society, employees are one of the tools for economic progress. Their welfare is taken into serious cognizance because without a dedicated workforce, an organization crumbles. The nation (Nigeria) reward system is probably the poorest in the entire globe. Employees are used, abused, harassed, offended and discarded without any appreciation for their contribution to their organization and to the society at large.

MANPOWER TRAINING AND UTILIZATION IN THE NIGERIA IMMIGRATION SERVICE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Manpower Training is a purposeful development of the required skills, knowledge and attitudes in an employee. Bedeian (1987:45) defines manpower training as “the process of developing an individual’s skills, knowledge and abilities so as to improve present and future performance.” The specific advantages derivable from training are varied, but the common denominator is improvement of employee performance. Training becomes meaningful only if trained staff is effectively utilized where they can apply the knowledge and skills gathered during training in the work environment. Training is a costly exercise and the organization can only justify such expenditure by utilizing the trained staff maximally towards the attainment of organizational objectives which invariably culminate in improved productivity.

Manpower training and utilization is a tool employed by organization to equip their workforce to the accomplishment of set goals and objectives. The internal structure of any organization is made up of socio-technical arrangements which are deliberately designed to achieve the objectives of that organization by doing the right thing at the right time and in the right measure, (Olowu 1991:79). Manpower training and utilization focuses on the objective of equipping the personnel in the service from the point of their recruitment to that of retirement, so that manpower be kept constantly ready not only to provide improved conditions in Nigeria but also set the machinery for achieving accelerated growth and development within the country. Manpower training and utilization is essential to the existence and survival of organization. Olowu (1991:79), supports the above school of thought as he points that manpower training and utilization enables civil servants (employees) to acquire the relevant professional skills and knowledge for effective performance. Drucker (1986:56) stated that:

A good organizational structure itself does not guarantee good performance but it is the manpower training and utilization that equips employees (civil servants) with the relevant professional skills and knowledge that brings out effective and efficient performance.

EFFECTS OF LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION, A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0             INTRODUCTION

1.1             BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the work place, we have the workers and management team in the organization engage in formal relationship, which is purely for operational purposes. The relationship between the management and workers contractual, which is that the employer-employee relations.

Every organization has some set objectives which it wants to achieve, and these objectives cannot be achieved without an effective cordial relationship between labour and management, these objective: high productivity, large market size and increased asset base. The success of an organization is not only measured by the amount of profit the company can make, but also by the degree of industrial peace and harmony that can be maintained, therefore employers of labour must pay more attention to the needs of labour, so as to maintain high performance. Management having been entrusted with the day running and administration of the organization should regard and treat employees as a vital and essential asset of the organization; employees on the other hand should try to appreciate the effort of management in trying to protect the interest of investors and shareholders.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the Study

The history of big enterprises and industrial revolution started with persons whose imaginative ventures into business gave rise to the present day technology. It dated back to the olden days, when people engaged in farming, herding, crafts etc and commodities were traded mainly on barter and later on precious metals. In the colonial era, the tempo of business then was set and controlled by the colonial government. Prominent European firms that were highly integrated and dominated commercial and merchandising activities in Nigeria were John Holt, Paterson, Zochoris, Leventis, Leverbrothers, PZ, Campaignie Francaise du L’Afrique Occidentale (CFAO,) the Royal Niger now United African Company (UAC), Societe Commerciale de L’ Ouest Africain (SCOA) etc. Some of these Companies grew so large that few, if any of the economic decisions could be wisely initiated and instituted in Nigeria without soliciting and obtaining their co-operation. Apart from trading, colonialism also accounted for the development of quasi-technical business and semi-skilled labour in Nigeria. About this time, many of the Nigerian entrepreneurs were still gasping for breath. They did not benefit much from the liberal attitude of the government because they lacked political persuasiveness resulting from their lack of political power, low status, lack of cohesion and also because the coming of independence created an insatiable demand for trained and qualified nationals. Thus, there was a limit to their ability to pressurize the government into favourable action or to threaten non co-operation in the attainment of national priorities. Their impact was insignificant and as a result, in the administrative bureaucracy of the colonial government (the civil service, public sector utilities established by them e.g Public Works Dept [PWD], Post and Telegraph [P&T], Railway, Electricity Corporation and other multinational Organization) Nigerian workers served as the cronies of the white colonial masters as messengers, clerks, semi-skilled technicians and craftsmen. Some of these workers later established micro scale business in line with their trade.

AN EXAMINATION OF THE LEGAL REGULATIONS AND TAXATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0.0: INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the capacity and speed of communications networks are moving exponentially. The capacity and speed of communications networks have increased over the years and this is not unconnected with technological growth and developments. The basic

tools for  these technological  growth and  developments are telecommunications¹  and

electronic commerce².

the engine of the world economy with transactions in billions of dollars being done everyday over the telephone and the internet. Telecoms and e-commerce are two of the few industries that continue to grow and develop despite the economic situation in the world. Developments in the two industries come everywhere regardless of geographical position, government and the state of economy. Telecoms is one of the most important infrastructures essential to the socio-economic well being of any nation. The globalization of world economy has further amplified the importance of telecoms to the economy. The phenomenal growth of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) since its introduction in Nigeria also confirms

this.³Because of the pivotal roles of telecoms and e-commerce in the economic growth and development, contemporary legal issues⁴ evidently arise, which need urgent attention to ensure the effectiveness, efficiency and contributions of telecoms and e-commerce to the world economy. The resultant effect of this is the need to reform telecoms sector, hence, the liberalization and privatization of telecoms sector.

Electronic commerce is still in its infancy and according to a research conducted by Annette Nellen, e-commerce represents less than 1% of retail sales.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLICT SITUATIONS AND CHOICE OF LAWS IN THE NIGERIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND OTHER LEGAL SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0.0: INTRODUCTION

The project looks into the problems which arise when one legal system has to deal with the legal rules of another in matters of private rights. More particularly, because the ultimate test of the recognition of foreign law is what courts do about it. This work is also concerned with how a court, sitting in one country treats a case of private litigation in which the parties, the events or the circumstances demonstrate connections with one or more legal systems foreign to the court. The issue can raise in multifarious ways. An ordinary, apparently purely domestic, case may be found to have a significant connection with a foreign legal system. A case may be so genuinely international that it would be a foreign case in any court.

PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS UNDER THE NIGERIAN PLURAL LEGAL SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.0.0: Introduction:

The problems of oppression, exploitation, discrimination and subjugation of women are neither new phenomena, nor peculiar to Nigeria. They are global problems. It appears that the majorities of womenfolk suffer one form of discrimination, exploitation, oppression or the other probably because they are women and are therefore regarded as members of a “subordinate” class. This research work examined the question of protection of rights of women under Nigeria’s plural legal system, from pre-colonial period to the present day, and assessed the implementation and effectiveness of the legal provisions which protect the rights of women. It also examined the extent to which women have benefited from such legal protections.

1.1.0: Background to the study:

Nigeria is a signatory to most of the International instruments on Women’s Rights, especially The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)¹, The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights² and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa³ (hereinafter called African Women’s Protocol). The country has also gone further to domesticate some of the provisions of the African Charter in the 1999

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1              BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Although the concept of organizational culture was popularized in the early 1980s, its roots can be traced back to the early human relations view of organizations that originated in the 1940s. Human relations theories viewed the informal, nonmaterial, interpersonal, and moral bases of cooperation and commitment as perhaps more important than the formal, material and instrumental controls stressed by the rational system theorists. The human relations perspective drew its inspiration from even earlier anthropological and sociological work on culture associated with groups and societies (Geerts,2000; Mead, 1998; Durkheim, 2000; Weber, 2007, 2008).

Attention to organizational culture lost ground as organizational science, and social science in general became increasingly quantitative. To the extent that research on organizational culture survived, its focus shifted to its more measurable aspects, particularly employee attitudes and perceptions and/or observable organizational conditions thought to correspond to employee perceptions (i.e. the level of individual involvement, the degree of delegation, the extent of social distance as implied by status differences, and the amount of coordination across units). This research, referred to as organizational climate studies, was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s (Denison, 2000).

INFLUENCE OF RELIGION ON THE NIGERIAN DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1             Background to the Study

Nigeria is the largest country of the black race in the world. It is also the most multi-religious among the countries in Africa. This is in line with the view of Akumu et al (2006:3) who opined that, “Nigeria is the most populous African state and one of the world’s most ethnically diverse societies being made up of over 250 ethno-linguistic groups.” The Nigerian ‘ethnic nationalities’ before the amalgamation, in 1914, comprised two separate geo-political zones: Southern and Northern protectorates. These two geo-political zones which constituted the ‘One Nigeria’ consisted of various cultures each with different traditional religions. Makozi in Okere (1988:9) asserted that:

Nigeria as one entity was born in 1914 when the two protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated by Sir Fredrick Lugard. The name “Nigeria” derived from the River ‘Niger area’ was proposed by Miss Flora Shaw in an article she had written as a press correspondent to ‘The Times’ in January, 1897, that is fourteen years before the amalgamation.

One would then be right to say that Nigeria as a country is an artificial creation of Lord Lugard. The “artificiality” in making up the country is a fundamental problem besetting Nigeria as a state in all facets of life (religiously, economically, politically, geographically, and so on). The various cultures with different traditional religions influenced governance in Nigeria tremendously, especially on the negative side. Logically and traditionally, each culture with its inherent religion, has some peculiar doctrines. These cultures had already been operating by different types of governance. 

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF FCT INDEPENDENT ELECTORALCOMMISSION).

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the Study

“ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” is an online voting technique, were people who have citizenship of a country and whose age is above 18 years of age and any sex can cast his\her vote online without going to any physical polling station. There is a database design to manage all voters with their complete information stored.

In “ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM” a voter can use his\her voting right online without any difficulty. He\She has to be registered to be qualified for voting. Registration is mainly done by the system administrator for security reasons. The system administrator registers the voters on a special site of the system visited by him only by simply filling a registration form to register voters. Citizens seeking registration are expected to contact the system administrator to submit their details. After the validity of them being citizens of that country has been confirmed by the system administrator by comparing their details submitted with those in existing databases such as those as the Registrar of Persons, the citizen is then registered as a voter.